COVID 19 (武漢肺炎)的病程,有3個關鍵點。
1.COVID 19 無症狀在發病前5天
《Nature》研究指出,患者在症狀不明顯、無症狀的發病前5天,病毒量和傳染力可以達到最高峰。而且相較SARS病毒,該峰值可以高出1000倍!
▲相較SARS病毒,該峰值可以高出1000倍
In SARS, it took 7 to 10 days after onset until peak RNA concentrations (of up to 5x105 copies per swab) were reached13,14. In the present study, peak concentrations were reached before day 5, and were more than 1000 times higher. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x
▲it took 7 to 10 days after onset until peak RNA concentrations(圖片來源:Maiko Valentino on Unsplash)
研究「無症狀發病前5天傳染力最高」!張上淳證實:台灣個案也是如此 | Heho健康
▲台灣個案也是如此(圖片來源:Andrew Leu on Unsplash)
2.COVID 19抗體在7天
抗體分泌細胞(antibody-secreting cells, ASC) 在開始病毒清除時(第7天;1.48%)出現在血液中,在第 8 天達到峰值(6.91%)。
▲抗體分泌細胞(antibody-secreting cells, ASC) 在開始病毒清除(圖片來源:camilo jimenez on Unsplash)
濾泡輔助性 T 細胞(follicular helper T cells, TFH 細胞)、免疫細胞也在第 7 天(1.98%)在血液中出現,在第 8 天(3.25%)和第 9 天(4.46%)繼續增加。
COVID-19 患者的 ASC 和TFH 細胞的峰值均顯著高於健康對照組 (該研究刊登於《Nature Medicine》)
▲濾泡輔助性 T 細胞(follicular helper T cells, TFH 細胞)繼續增加。(圖片來源:isco null on Unsplash)
有些研究人員也發現儘管7天後體內有了抗體,病毒承載量,不會因此跟著下降。這是coronavirus最頑抗的地方。( Seroconversion occurred after 7 days in 50% of patients (14 days in all), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load.)( Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Oct; 105(2): 435–446. doi: 10.1017/s0950268800048019)
▲7天後體內有了抗體,病毒承載量,不會因此跟著下降(圖片來源:CDC null on Unsplash)