「我昨晚和老闆談話談了好久」。這句話講成英文,你會怎麼說?
多數人會說,I talked very long......然後就卡住了,講不下去。把正確答案說出來,你會發現,其實很單純 ── I had a long conversation with my boss last night.
如果你說對了,表示你的腦海中已經擁有一定程度的英文思維。那為什麼會想不起來呢?是因為中文裡的「動詞」,到英文裡就變成了「名詞」。這中間經過了一個「詞性轉換」。
有時候我們問別人,「你的意思是?」假如你脫口而出:What is your meaning? 可能就表示你對「詞性轉換」還不夠熟悉;大部分老外會把「意思」轉成動詞:What do you mean?
再來看一句。有一次聽到有人批評同事John愛說話,他說:John really likes talking.
這句話也沒有錯,但就是沒有把「愛說話」這樣的「人格特質」表達出來。John is really talkative. 愛說話本來是動詞,可是換成形容詞 talkative後,更一針見血。
我們一起看看「動詞」轉「形容詞」的類型:
1、Can/could (be) → -able
在中文裡「可以……」,英文的說法不見得一定要could be…,善用–able 的形容詞(viable 可實行、credible 可信賴、discernable 可分辨),更能表達出「可以」的意思。
這件事如果可行,就放手去做!
If it can be done, just do it.
→If it’s doable, just do it.
寫郵件時,請確保文字可閱讀。
When writing an email, make sure what you put down could be read.
→When writing an email, make sure what you put down is readable.
2、treat…as… → be 形容詞 to…
中文說「視為、對待」,動作中都還隱含著對主詞的人格描述。換成英文的說法,便會借用相關的形容詞,在接受的對象前加上介系詞。
我的主管總是把我當成敵人。
My manager always treats me as an enemy.
→My manager is always hostile to me.
台灣人對外國朋友都很友善。
Taiwanese always treat foreigners as friends.
→Taiwanese are always friendly to foreigners.
3、be easily…by → be 形容詞(-able) to…
「容易受…影響」,同樣也是動作中隱含特質描述。英文中-able類的形容詞,正能表達這種隱含的特質。
據說在冬天因為陽光不夠充足,人們容易有憂鬱傾向。
It’s said people are more easily to suffer depression during the winter due to reduced exposure to sunlight.
→It’s said people are more susceptible to depression during the winter due to reduced exposure to sunlight.
有些研究人員在爭論那些國家最容易受金融危機威脅。
Some researchers are battling over which nations are most easily threatened by the financial crisis.
→Some researchers are battling over which nations are most vulnerable to the financial crisis.
詞性轉換的機制並不複雜,拿起中英對照文章,先讀中文,試著把中文講成英文,說出來了再對原文,檢查看看其中有沒有詞性轉換!很快你會發現,你腦中自然而然就開始轉換詞性了。
三個月英文脫胎換骨的一對一:http://bit.ly/2JeMHI8